Who was famous for the theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin is renowned for formulating the theory of natural selection, which serves as a fundamental principle in the field of evolutionary biology. This theory posits that organisms with characteristics favorable for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits on to subsequent generations. This concept was groundbreaking in the 19th century as it provided a scientific explanation for the diversity of life and the adaptation of species over time.

Darwin's pivotal work, "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859, laid out detailed observations and evidence supporting natural selection. His ideas transformed the understanding of biology and laid the groundwork for modern genetics and evolutionary theory. The recognition of natural selection as a driving mechanism of evolution underscores its significance in biological sciences.

The other individuals listed made substantial contributions to their respective fields—Einstein in physics with his theory of relativity, Newton in mathematics and classical mechanics, and Galileo in astronomy and the scientific method—but none were directly associated with the theory of natural selection.