What is the main theme of George Orwell's "1984"?

The main theme of George Orwell's "1984" revolves around totalitarianism and surveillance. The novel presents a dystopian society where the government, led by the Party and its figurehead Big Brother, exercises absolute control over every aspect of human life. It explores the oppressive nature of totalitarian regimes, highlighting how they manipulate truth and maintain power through constant surveillance, propaganda, and the suppression of individual thought.

Through the protagonist Winston Smith's experiences, readers see the psychological effects of living in a society where personal freedom is eradicated, and dissent is not tolerated. The pervasive presence of "Big Brother" serves as a reminder that one's actions and even thoughts are being monitored, portraying the lengths to which totalitarian governments go to maintain their grip on power. The manipulation of language -- exemplified by the concept of Newspeak -- further illustrates the regime's attempt to control thought and eliminate the possibility of rebellion against its authority.

Understanding this theme is crucial as it reflects warnings about the dangers of unchecked political power and the loss of personal liberties, making "1984" a powerful commentary on the potential consequences of oppressive governance.