What is the primary purpose of a compass?

The primary purpose of a compass is to determine direction. A compass typically functions by utilizing a magnetic needle that aligns itself with the Earth's magnetic field, pointing towards magnetic north. This allows navigators, hikers, and orienteers to orient themselves and find their way in unfamiliar terrains. Knowing the cardinal directions—north, south, east, and west—enables individuals to travel accurately and understand their surroundings better.

The other options relate to different tools or devices. For instance, measuring distance typically requires a measuring tape, wheel, or various types of odometers, while calculating time involves clocks or watches. Recording temperature is done with thermometers. Thus, these functions are outside the scope of what a compass is designed to accomplish.